5G New Waveform Signal Analysis

5G New wave form Signal AnalysisUF-OFDM, FBMC and GFDM be down the stairs investigation worldwide as promising ignoredidates of the New wave form for 5G mobile communication governances. This paper describes features of their designate touch technologies and issues. New Waveform outline environment is as well as introduced. regard of from apiece one waveform to living system can be estimated promptly by the environment.1 IntroductionPreparations for the migration from LTE/LTE-Advanced to next-generation mobile communications systems (5G) be progressing in various regions worldwide. In particular, the European METIS) and 5GNOW projects have advanced the research of young waveforms meeting 5G requirements. LTE/ LTE-Advanced currently uses Cyclic Prefix Orthogonal Frequency section Multiplexing (CP-OFDM) as the wireless sign up multiplexing method, because it has lavishly spectrum readiness as closely as high tolerance against multipath propagation and fading.On the other hand, CP-ODFM note requires high linearity to fruit power amplifiers tally to its high pointedness to average power ratio (PAPR). As a result, the power amplifier ability is low, increasing the User Equipment (UE) battery power consumption. Consequently, there are problems with thinned hours to receive wireless services. Moreover, the CP-OFDM spectrum has high out-of-band (OOB) sidelobes, cavictimization problem with lowered spectrum efficiency when many UEs are operating at one location.Improving CP-OFDM is under way to solve these problems that constitute barriers to 5G system deployment. Currently, use of the Filtered Multi-carrier technology is examined to curb the OOB sidelobes and is recognized as New Waveform. Various different methods have been proposed for implementing the Filtered Multi-carrier technology. These methods sally to improve CP-OFDM employ sub-carrier trying but each riddleing method is different.Since these unseasoned waveforms are differ ent from the CP-OFDM waveform used in LTE/LTE-Advanced, PAPR and spectrum shape are also different. As a result, devices with designs optimized for CP-OFDM are no longer optimum for the new waveforms.Therefore, RF devices, UEs and Base Stations for 5G systems go forth require new examination instruments to generate and receive new waveforms for their various performance evaluations.2 model of New WaveformsThis chapter explains proposed main methods of the Filtered Multi-carrier technology, in particular UF-OFDM (Universal Filtered Orthogonal Frequency Multiplex), FBMC (Filter cant Multi-Carrier), and GFDM (Generalized Frequency Division Multiplexing).2.1 UF-OFDMUF-OFDM is a method for improving OOB characteristics by tense uping each block. UF-OFDM part withs a mapped mark to be allocated to a predetermined keep down of blocks and reckon of sub-carriers for each block. The selective information for each block are calculated using Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform (iDFT) a nd converted to time sequence data equal to the be come up of sub-carriers.As a consequence, the UF-OFDM distinguish constructs a time series with a length extended by (the filter tap number. The length can be set equal to the length of cyclic prefix (CP) of CP-OFDM signal. Therefore UF-OFDM has higher compatibility with the CP-OFDM.The time series signal from modulation side is pre-processed for filtering hobble and S/P converted, demodulation is performed by FFT of in deuce ways the number of total sub-carriers. The demodulated signal is demapped to each symbol group after(prenominal) radio channel rectification for each sub-carrier.Other demodulation methods such as ZF (Zero-Forcing), MF (Matched Filter), and MMSE (Minimum Mean Square Error) have also been discussed. Transmission distortion, liquidator performance in the mobile environment and circuit scale, etc. pass on be key factors for their adoption.The OOB sidelobes have been significantly improved, being better by about 40 dB than those of CP-OFDM. Although UF-OFDM improves the OOB by filtering each block, its performance is bear upon by the inserted filter which causes the amplitude and phase distortion. Their results hand over the constellation without correction of the filter distortion. The constellation is scattered in each block in the direction of amplitude and phase due to the filter characteristics. A UF-OFDM signal (time series length of N + L 1) using a filter with L taps is longer than the OFDM signal with the resembling number of sub-carriers (N). However, demodulation of the UF-OFDM signal could be craved to be performed by N point-FFT instead of 2N point-FFT, as well as that of the OFDM signal.2.2 FBMCUnlike UF-OFDM, since FBMC is a method for improving OOB characteristics by filtering each subcarrier, it is also expected to improve the Inter-Carrier Interference (ICI) characteristics.The FBMC multicarrier modulation techniques allow the orthogonality between the Offset- QAM (OQAM) sub-carriers to be fully assured. Since narrowband filters are used for the FBMC sub-carriers, the number of digital filter taps can be larger than the total sub-carrier number. This filter method can be implemented in two ways-in the frequency domain, or in the time domain. To fix the iFFT length to the same total sub-carrier number, time domain processing method is suitable and Poly mannikin Network (PPN) is used.FBMC using this narrowband filtering has greatly improved OOB characteristics. On the other hand, the number of filter taps required to improve the characteristics is about four propagation the total sub-carrier number, creating a four times processing latency in a PPN configuration. Accordingly, although FBMC is problem-free for bitpipe communications such as video streaming, it has lower transmission efficiency for short packets.In the veridical application, besides these blocks, there is supererogatory processing such as equalization for each sub-carrie r and filtering to remove interference caused by transmission distortion.2.3 GFDMGFDM is a new concept method in which conventional OFDM is generalized, and it is based on the block oriented Filtered Multi-carrier method chase the Gabor principle. Symbol configuration of GFDM is composed of time frequency blocks made up of a number of sub-carriers K and a number of subsymbols M with high flexibility.The modulation filter processing uses pulse-shaping filter gn for each sub-carrier and is implemented using cyclic convolution processing. The demodulation filter processing is performed using the same filter as modulation processing and reduces the Inter-Symbol Interference (ISI). This filtering for each sub-carrier improves the GFDM OOB characteristics but generates ISI and ICI and introduction of an interference canceler is being investigated to reduce ISI and ICI caused by this filtering.The constellation for all sub-carriers show that the symbol constellation is not converged at one point due to the effect of ICI. These results are one example of using a root raised cosine filter (RRCF). The OOB characteristics and degree of ICI and ISI generation change according to the selected pulse-shaping filter. Since the GFDM waveform has the same cyclic prefix (CP) as the OFDM waveform, the OOB characteristics are worse than the new waveform which does not have CP as explained previously. Consequently, to improve the OOB characteristics, represent symbol GFDM (GS-GFDM) method, which inserts a guard symbol between subsymbols, and windowed GFDM (W-GFDM), which performs window processing in the time domain, are being investigated. On the other hand, as the same synchronization technology is used as in OFDM, GFDM can realize synchronization more easily than other new waveforms without CP. Although GFDM is considered more complex to implement, its usefulness is attracting attention now. It is expected to offer flexible bod design in both time and frequency domains t o applications such as IoT requiring low latency.3 New Waveform Analysis EnvironmentThe previous sections describe the investigation results of the new waveforms that are studied as 5G PHY-layer expectations. RD bodily function for the new technologies requires versatile engineering tool that can provide seamless use of communication system simulation and verification by actual equipments. This chapter introduces evaluation environment assemble and its testing examples.Figure 14 shows the configured new waveform analysis environment including MG3710A Signal Generator with AWG (Arbitrary Waveform Generator), MS2692A Signal Analyzer for waveform capture and MATLAB program for generation and analysis of transmitted and received waveforms. By using MATLAB, which is commercially available and wide used, building user-friendly GUI and testing various wireless systems become easy, quick and flexible.3.1 New Waveform Interference EvaluationsIn the study of 5G waveform candidates, it i s a key to identify waveforms to realize good spectrum efficiency of refreshful frequency bands. This section explains how to evaluate the impact from 5G waveform candidate to lively system waveform by using the new waveform analysis environment.In this evaluation, CP-OFDM waveform with band tornado is defined as an existing system waveform and UF-OFDM waveform is defined as a candidate 5G waveform. And the impact of interference is evaluated when the defined waveforms are located side by side in the frequency domain. MG3710A can easily output desired and undesired signals by using add baseband function to synthesize and output two modulated signals from one RF signal (Figure. 15). This evaluation uses the qualification to generate and synthesize CP-OFDM and UF-OFDM waveforms, and analyze the signal by MS2692A Signal Analyzer. and so giving and receiving interference evaluation is realized.We show that the spectrum of the CP-OFDM waveform having band gap and the UF-OFDM wavefor m. The purple trace and the blue trace correspond to the CP-OFDM and the UF-OFDM respectively. OOB sidelobe of CP-OFDM and excellent UF-OFDM OOB characteristics are addressed.Interference evaluations based on the adding waveform at baseband of MG3710A have been described. By using this analysis environment with preparation of multiple 5G waveform candidates, OOB characteristics of each waveform, interference caused by them and spectrum allocation adequacy can be evaluated easily.4 ConclusionRegarding the 5G waveform candidates, we have presented performance evaluations by simulation and fore-casted problems in the actual operation. It is presumed that these waveforms will be integrated into a flexible multi-carrier system supporting various use cases, frequency bands and radio wave environments. We will continue to research to provide optimum solutions for the complex multi-carrier waveform measurements.