Connecting New Urbanism And Sustainable Development Environmental Sciences Essay

Before the set up of the uninflected pose, it is a must to analyze the correlativity amidst the sustainable maturation, brand- forward-looking urbanism, garden city excogitation and bran- bran- revolutionary-made town construct. So the survey jakes be more(prenominal) special and meaningful. First it discuss ab by the connexion in the midst of rude(a) urbanism and sustainability. Second, it discuss the about the connexion amidst the sustainable breeding and garden seat of government construct.For the following portion, the survey methodological analysis which includes the analytical model, informations hookup methods and the justification for the indexs and choice of instance survey forget be delivered as below. also, for easiness of illustration, a flow chart of the survey storm is shown in Figure 1.Connection amidst new-fangled urbanism & A sustainabilityThis is a request to place the relationship between the new urbanism and sustainability by analy verba lize how to social, economic and environmental sustainability heap be achieved through the rules of new urbanism. It can be a strong adduce in measuring the sustainability of new-fashioned township increase in Hong Kong.Social sustainabilitySocial sustainability can see as the four elements. There ar societal inclusion, societal equality, societal coherence and societal stableness.Different dry state of matter utilisation would be brought several(predicate) lodging mix in a confederation. It would commence people from different thorn land and it assist get hold of societal inclusion. anyway societal inclusion can set up accord civilization in a fri extirpateship.The low-income category can bask a comparable spiritedness environment as the rich people do. Besides the bing broad scope of lodging types can convey occupation chances it should justify hapless can acquire a occupation from it. All in all, Social equality should be achieved by guaranting an equal distr ibution of r all(prenominal) and resources.Social coherence is the engagement of citizens in societal life. By the creative activity of walkers friendly environment and unresolved infinite can feature topographic point for societal assemblage and promote interaction. Besides historical and cultural heritage should be good preserved. As a aftermath a sense of belonging would be established.Social stableness is unfavorable to confer a harmoniousness environment to occupants. Urban safety is a must in advancing societal stableness. Safety can determine as low offense rate and unemployment rate.Economic sustainabilityEconomic sustainability can be achieved by striking a balance between the exertion and the ingestion of a community. In other words, to supply a ego contained community to get to the economic sustainability.For the production, the lodging mix inwardly the town will convey different type of occupation chances, such as retails, commercial and industrial. So that t he different type of people can happen a conform to occupation at heart the town in order to hike the concern. Besides from the point of views of occupants, it can decidedly salvage pilgrimage disbursal and the telephone exchange clip.For the ingestion, most likely, as the new town have a place to the metropolis middle. It should supply shopping installations for the occupants. It increases the ingestion and boosts the economic dodge of the new town.Government besides plays a dominant and of import function when sing the sustainability of a new town. For illustration, plan a threshold population to back up the economic feasibleness of the public theodolite system. Besides authorities should supply different supports to hike the concern environment and chances.Environmental sustainabilityEnvironmental sustainability could be achieved by environmental protection, resources preservation. A good planned new town can to the full use and efficaciously utilize the land and can for eknow urban conurbation and protect environmentally vulnerable country. For illustration, by supplying sufficient green belt can supply more loose infinites for recreational land usage.On the other manus, it can besides move resources conversation. last denseness study is the characteristic of new town development. High denseness of development favours the public conveyance system. By the debut of environmentally friendly conveyance can decidedly diminish and command line of business befoulment. Besides a good planned public conveyance system can promote occupants to cut down the usage of private auto, proceeds in conserving resources cut down dodos fuel ingestion.Furthermore, with a different types of land us inwardly new town, people can lock into their demands within new town. They did non necessitate to go to the metropolis internality. It is decrease the commutation clip. Besides, it encourages pass and walking within the town, so that it can accomplish the environm ental sustainability.Connection between Sustainable Development & A garden city ConceptAs said, fundamentally, sustainable development means to run into the demands of nowadays without consisting the ability of the hereafters propagations to run into their ain demands and accomplish the balance in the environment, economic system and society. On the other manus, garden metropolis is the beginning of new town construct its aims be equanimous and match development. With the aims of garden metropolis construct, it should concern with the three countries. In this chapter, it will province out the connexion between the sustainable development and garden metropolis construct.Social AspectFor societal sustainability, it principally deals with the issues of societal life and sufficient community installations to keep a self-contained community.For community installations, as discuss, garden metropolis construct concern about the sufficiency of community installations, infirmaries, c onstabulary displace and fire Stationss, to keep to self-contained community. On the other manus, sufficient community installations can conjure the societal sustainability of new town.The end of garden metropolis is to develop a balanced town in the facet of economic, societal and environment. The proviso of green belt as an rim is usable in supplying a high measurement life environment. Furthermore, the original end of new town is to supply a self-contained community and balanced development. So that occupants can bask higher populating standard. On the other manus, sustainable development negotiations about the quality of life which the construct is convertible to new town construct and garden metropolis construct.Economic AspectHarmonizing to Garden City Concept, it proposes production and ingestion should be in the same topographic point. Besides, by be aftering different types of land usage within the town, for illustration, commercial land usage it can supply different employment chances to local occupants. It can heighten the economic sustainability and canalize through the end of self-containment.Harmonizing to the supposititious account of Garden City, it clearly shows the form, sequence and location of different land utilizations. Community installations argon located at the chiseled town centre. It can move as a focal point of the community and it can heighten a strong sense of belonging.Besides, harmonizing to the garden metropolis construct, it stated the bound of maximum population. Therefore, this can hold cleanse resources allotment..Environment AspectFor garden metropolis construct, it concerned the life environment to the rural countries. For the new town in Hong Kong, there are many environment steps to command the air pollution, noise pollution and H2O pollution and supply a better life environment.For the sustainable development, all the environment protections should be done in order to supply a winsome environment for our fol lowing contemporaries.For the garden metropolis construct, the border of the town is surrounded by a green belt. For the new town, thriftiness of green belt and natural environment are besides the major(ip) issue, there are plentifulness of green belt and besides form an border for some of the new towns. It can supply a pleasant and harmony environment.For the garden metropolis construct, it is suggested that the town should be linked with the railway line web. Besides pathway and roulette wheel way are well-planned to associate up within the town. For the new town, it besides suggests that the usage of rail- origind development, environmental-friendly conveyance for illustration, bikes, so that it can cut down the usage of energy ingestion, heighten the environmental sustainability.DecisionThe egress of garden metropolis construct, new urbanism and sustainable development are native to supply better life environment. After the survey of these constructs, the analytical model can be set to measure the sustainability of new town development in Hong Kong.Analytic modelGiven the significance of new town constructs and popularity of new town, in the first-year portion of the survey, literature critique about sustainability, new town construct and the Principles of clean Urbanism will be by and large reviewed.In the second portion of the survey, new town development in Hong Kong will be illustrated under the same model used in the old portion. For roll to deathing a utile evaluation, a full and clear statement of standards is a must. In order to explicate a typical set of range standards for new town public innovation in Hong Kong, the pertinence of the paygrade standards will be based on the Principles of New Urbanism, Hong Kong Planning Standards & A Guidelines, and the SUSDEV 21 Indexs. By utilizing the three different criterions, the more accurate and convert evaluate can be found. In regard of each identify standard, appropriate measuring yards ticks will besides be determined for bespeaking new town public presentation.In the 3rd portion of the survey, the public presentation of the selected instance, Siamese Po, will be evaluated. Siamese Po New townspeople will be analyzed in two degrees. They are the major degree and the micro degree. The paygrade consequences will exemplify the extent of new towns in accomplishing the aims. Last, recommendation will be given to acquire better be aftering to NDAs.STUDY GOALLiterature ReviewPrimary DataSecondary DatasInterviewHKPSGThe Principles of New UrbanismSustainability Indexs( SUSDEV 21 )New Town Planning start from 1970sEvaluation OF good example STUDY-TAI PO NEW TOWNMarco LevelFORMULATE A SET OF EVALUATION CRITERIASustainabilityNew Town ConceptNew UrbanismRECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSIONData CollectionSurvey little LevelChart 4.1 liquefy Chart of Study ApproachEvaluation Criteria and Evaluation IndexsBy and large, the aim of this survey is to reexamine the sustainability of n ew town development in Tai. Po. After the literature reappraisal on the old new town plan in Hong Kong, I do believe physical planning is the most important portion and give birth to the development of new town. So to transport out a utile research, it is meaningful to transport out a survey chiefly concentrate on the planning issues.In order to transport out meaningful survey, foremost, it is a must to place all the cardinal issues. Second, from the cardinal issues, it should be able to abstract some indexs from the cardinal issues. Third, the standards should be comprehensive, utile and have supportive grounds to demo the direct linkage between the indexs and standards.After the literature reappraisal, I would wish to utilize the measurement theoretical account that set up by Kan ( 2008 ) as a base. The ground that I choose her theoretical account is that her theoretical account is base on the rules of new urbanism. In her theoretical account, she summarizes all the cardinal poin ts from each degree and identifies all the cardinal issues and put indexs to mensurate it. This is rather similar to my preliminary planning, as I would wish to analyze the sustainability in the arrange of physical planning.Furthermore, in order to transport out a more comprehensive survey, base on Kan s theoretical account, Hong Kong Planning Standards & A Guidelines ( HKPSG ) , 2030 Evaluation Criteria, SUSDEV 21 Indicators will function as a mention and criterion to modify some indexs and standards.MARCO LEVELKEY THEMESEVLUATION INDICATORSEvaluation CRITERIAEnvironmental eccentricAir PollutionThe sum of pollutant should run into the criterion from Environment Protection Department ( EPD )Environmental pally Transport MeasuresNumber of Stations ProvidedAt least one station should be provided for each major region in every new town to let 10-minutes walking set forthResident s Satisfaction Towards Fares of Public enactmentThe higher the occupants triumph towards the menus of public theodolite, the most sustainable it isTime Required to Travel to City CentreThe shorter the clip required to go to the metropolis Centre, the more sustainable it isHigh Density DevelopmentDomestic Plot RatioA maximal domestic secluded plan ratio of 5 should be applied for any new town development in Hong KongResidents Satisfaction Towards Built Form and Quality of the EnvironmentThe higher rejoicing towards built signifier and quality of the environment, the more sustainable it isPreservation of Green BeltAreas that Zoned below Green Belt Around 25 % to 40 % of the land within a New Town should be zoned for environmental preservation that needs to accomplish environmental sustainabilityProvision of Open SpaceAreas that Zoned Under Open Space Around 10 % to 15 % of the land within a new town should be zoned for recreational and leisure chase that needs to accomplish environmental and societal sustainabilityWell Defined Town Centre and EdgePresence of Town CentreA tow n Centre that can run into occupants day-to-day necessities demands should be providedPresence of EdgeManmade barriers and natural barriers should be provided to let a well defined borderTable 4.1 Key Themes, Evaluation Indicators and Criteria at the Marco LevelMICRO LEVELKEY THEMESEVLUATION INDICATORSEvaluation CRITERIAWalkable and Cyclable EnvironmentUser Friendly Cycling Paths and Bicycle Parking AreasThe higher the use of bike waies and bike parking countries per hebdomad, the more sustainable it isConnectivity Between Residential Estates and Neighbourhood CentrePresence of uninterrupted prosaic pavements and prosaic crossingsPresence of Bridgess and metrosBalanced Mix Of HousingRatio of race and Housing MixA 5050 split between private and public lodging should be adopted to develop a sustainable new townSufficiency of Various Types of Open SpaceTypes and Areas of Open Spaces ProvidedGreen unfastened infinite within residential estates should be providedMix of Activities and ServicesTypes of Activities and Services OfferedSocial, educational, retail, medical, cultural and transit activities should be provided within the vicinityResidents Satisfaction Towards Mix of Activities ProvidedThe higher the occupants satisfaction degree towards the mix of activities the vicinity, the more sustainable it isCompact NeighbourhoodWalk-to Time and Distance to Transit Stations and Major Shopping CentresWalking clip should be within 10 proceedingss to let easy walkingWalking distance should be within 1000m to let easy walkingTable 4.2 Key Themes, Evaluation Indicators and Criteria at the Micro LevelMICRO LEVELKEY THEMESEVLUATION INDICATORSEvaluation CRITERIADistinctive Design of Public BuildingsDesign of Public Buildings in Tai Po New TownCreation of landmarkPreservation of Historical HeritageBeing of Preserved Historical Building and graceTo look at the ranked historic edifices and the declared memorials in Tai Po New townTable 4.3 Key Themes, Evaluation Indicators and Criteria at the Micro LevelJustifications of Selected New TownRecent old ages, there are several paperss or theses related to the rating of first and 3rd coevals of new town. They are normally make the comparing between the first coevals and the 3rd coevals of new town. In no uncertainty, this is good to hold such theses with the end of doing betterment planning in the hereafter.On the other manus, the clip spread between first and 2nd coevals is comparatively short comparison with others, so it finds that the 2nd coevals of new towns is ever being ignored. There is a deficiency of comprehensive theses to mensurate or reexamine the 2nd coevals of new towns.In order to acquire an overall reappraisal of different coevals of new towns, so that it can complement with other bing rating of new town development between the first and the 3rd coevals. Therefore, it is a must to hold a deep rating of the 2nd coevals of new town.Tai Po is the 2nd coevals of new town. Tai PO New Town, co vers a development country of about 2898 hectares for topical population of 292 600, is the biggest graduate table along the 2nd coevals of new town ( Civil Engineering and Development Department, 2009 ) . With such sort of graduated table of development, it is utile to carry on an rating in it.Data CollectionData aggregation can be divided into two parts. They are the primary informations and supplemental informations.Primary DataSite VisitsSite Visits will be conducted in Tai Po New Town to roll up the primary informations. Besides photos will be interpreted for a clearer account.SurveiesSurveies will be conducted to obtain occupant s concept about the sustainability of their living topographic point. Surveies were carried out on 15th-17th February 2010 from 12p.m to 6p.m. the entire seek size is 100 occupants which live in Fu Ming Sun. A questionnaire has been set for this specific study activity ( See Appendix ) .InterviewSupplying an alternate beginning to carry on the qua litative information, a societal worker who works in Tai Po Community Center will be interviewed.Secondary DatasDesktop ResearchTo make up ones mind the range of survey, the desktop researches chiefly come from the books, diaries from library.To explicate the rating standards and rating of the new town, informations from Outline Zoning Plans, the authorities planning papers and paper, nose count and Statistics.DecisionThe methodological analysis can acquire a comprehensive reappraisal of the selected new town.